Synecdoche
Synecdoche
Synecdoche: the exchange of ideas related to one
another. In this figure one word receives
something from another inexpressible but
associated with it because it comes from the same genus.
As metonymy figure is based on a relationship
rather than similarities.
But whereas in metonymy the exchange can be made
between the words are related
but derived from different genera (because it is
connected by contact or ascription).
In synecdoche exchange made between two related
words are generic.
For example, the ends of the earth as a metonymy
of subject,
which means people living in the ends of the
earth, but as a synecdoche
it could mean that geographically distant
locations as part of a larger mass of land, not people.
As a general guideline, we could use a synecdoche
for figures that are actually a part of the whole,
or the whole for a part has more to do with the
thing intended than a metonymy general.
Use of Genus and Species are not as frequent as
Whole and Part,
but can be used for things that are actually
related generically.
Synecdoche
:
Is
substituting a more inclusive term for a less inclusive one or vice versa
Is A
figure or trope by which a part of a thing is put for the whole (as, fifty sail
for fifty ships),
or the
whole for a part (as, the smiling year for spring), the species
for the genus (as, cutthroat
for assassin),
the genus for the species (as, a creature for a man),
the name
of the material for the thing made, etc
It is very common to refer to a
thing by the name of its parts.
Let us look at some of the examples
of synecdoche that we can hear from casual conversations:
The word
“bread” refers to food or money as in
“Writing
is my bread and butter” or “sole breadwinner”.
The phrase
“gray beard” refers to an old man.
The word
“sails” refers to a whole ship.
The word
“suits” refers to businessmen.
The word
“boots” usually refers to soldiers.
The term
“coke” is a common synecdoche for all
carbonated
drinks.
“Pentagon”
is a synecdoche when it refers to a few
decision
makers.
The word
“glasses” refers to spectacles
“Coppers”
often refers to coins.
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